Seligram Case Study Solutions - 1278 Words

1) What caused the existing system at ETO to fail? This system was based on the assumption that direct costs and overhead are consumed in the same proportion for all product testing. However, this is not the case and therefore the system failed. For example, due to the implementation of the vendor certification and the just-in-time delivery, some products are already tested and do not need any further tests, and ETO faces a decreasing number of the tests performed. On the other hand, new components require more high technology tests. They consume highly automated equipment and require different testing procedures compared to other products. 2) Calculate the reported costs of the five components using: a. The existing system With a†¦show more content†¦room hourproduct x Mech. room hour burden (in this case $112,63) Test room burdenproduct = Main room burdenproduct + Mechanical room burdenproduct Product Direct Labour Burden Main room hour Mech room hour Test room burden Total costs ICA 917 193 8,5 10,0 1665 2774 ICB 2051 431 14,0 26,0 3815 6297 Capacitor 1094 230 3,0 4,5 697 2021 Amplifier 525 110 4,0 1,0 366 1001 Diode 519 109 7,0 5,0 1007 1635 3) Which system is preferable? Why? Between the 3 options, the consultant’s system is preferable because it demonstrates the cost allocation more accurately. The accounting manager proposes two cost pools, treating the machine hours as a separate cost pool because the automated operation process leads to large percentage of total cost comparing to direct labor. Measuring the machine hour costs can help us to assess the total burden more accurately. However, given the same machine hours, there are different hours spend in the main room and in the mechanical room, with different costs. We can see from Exhibit 5 that the mechanical room has higher unit cost per hour. Therefore, the three-cost-pool system can trace the costs back to the actual operation factors more clearly. 4) Do you recommend any changes or enhancements to your preferred system? Why? We would recommend creating a 4 cost pool, separating the technical support from the administrative support. The increased number of cost centers can show

Psychological Effects Of Hate Crimes - 1335 Words

Many issues impacted by hate crimes can be informed by psychological research. For example, are hate crimes more harmful than other kinds of crime? Why do people commit hate crimes? What can be done to prevent or lessen the impact of hate and bias-motivated crimes? Social scientific research is beginning to yield information on the nature of crimes committed because of real or perceived differences in race, religion, ethnicity or national origin, sexual orientation, disability, or gender. Current federal law defines hate crimes as any felony or crime of violence that manifests prejudice based on â€Å"race, color, religion, or national origin†. Hate crimes can be understood as criminal conduct motivated in whole or in part by a negative opinion†¦show more content†¦PTSD emerges in response to an event that involves death, injury, or a threat of harm to a person. Symptoms of PTSD may include intrusive thoughts or recurring dreams, refusal or inability to discuss the ev ent, pulling away emotionally from others, irritability, difficulty concentrating, and disturbed sleep. Depression, anxiety, and PTSD may interfere with an individual’s ability to work or to maintain healthy relationships, can lead to other problems such as substance abuse or violent behavior, and may be associated with other health problems such as severe headaches, gastrointestinal problems, and insomnia. Similar to other victims of traumatic stress, hate crime victims may enjoy better outcomes when appropriate support and resources are made available soon after the trauma. Hate crimes are different from other crimes in that the offender whether purposefully or not is sending a message to members of a given group that they are unwelcome and unsafe in a particular neighborhood, community, school, workplace, or other environment. Thus, the crime simultaneously victimizes a specific individual and members of the group at large. Hate crimes are often intended to threaten entire communities and do so. For example, a hate crime that targeted children in a religious day care center and an ethnic minority postal worker was intended to instill fear in members of these minority communities. Being part of a community that is targeted because ofShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Hate Crimes On The Victim And Their Community1305 Words   |  6 Pages The Effects of Hate Crimes on the Victim and their Community Maritza A. Salvador Psychology 25 Professor Fitzpatrick 02 December, 2016 Abstract This paper will explore the long-term effects a hate crime has on the victim and his or her community. The victims and communities are directly and indirectly affected by the crime. Victims suffered long term effects such as negative mental and physical health, anxiety, depression, and symptoms of PTSD. The affected communitiesRead MoreThe Long Effects Of A Hate Crime Essay1289 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract This paper will explore the long-term effects a hate crime has on the victim and his or her community. The victims and communities are directly and indirectly affected by the crime. Victims suffered long term effects such as negative mental and physical health, anxiety, depression, and symptoms of PTSD. The affected communities were victimized solely for sharing the same characteristics and beliefs of the victim. The long lasting effects of the hate crime influence every aspect of the victim’s lifeRead MoreEvaluating and Refining Solutions: Hate crimes can be described as criminal activities that are1000 Words   |  4 PagesEvaluating and Refining Solutions: Hate crimes can be described as criminal activities that are perceived to be fueled by prejudice against and hostility towards the victim based on an individual characteristic. In most cases, hate crimes are motivated by gender, disability, sexual orientation, race, identity, and religion or faith. The increase in hate crimes in the recent past has not only made it a major issue that needs to be addressed in the modern society but has also attracted several legislativeRead MoreCauses of Psychological Trauma and Its Effects on Young Arab Americans Post 9/111066 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to the report of FBI(2000), the number of anti-islamic hate crime incidents prior the terrorist attacks were 28. In the immediate year after 9/11, 481 incidents were reported against the Muslims and Arabs(FBI 2002). The hate crime statistics of FBI conforms a staggering increase of 1617 percent in such a short period of time. The Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee (ADC) reported that over 700 violent incidents were ruthlessly targeted against Arab Americans within the first 9 weeks afterRead MoreLesbian, Gay, Bisexual, And Transgender1675 Words   |  7 Pagesadjust to society once they have identified themselves as being gay, lesbian, bisexual, or transgender. In 2013, law enforcement agencies had reported 5,928 hate crime incidents, 20.8 percent were motivated by sexual orientation, and 60.6 percent were identified as gay male-targeted bias. Gay males is one of the main targets to a hate crime, only because the offender is trying to send out a message to that particular individual and as well as the gay community. LGBT community can be targeted basedRead MoreIs It A Victim Of Persecution?1553 Words   |  7 Pagesby himself and alone because of the intolerance his country had for gay people. Intolerance impacts multiple sectors of society with far-reaching effects on the gay community. Due to the amount of intolerance in society these days, the gay community is facing persecution. Verbal abuse, physical violence and hate crimes are some effects of persecution against gay people. The verbal abuse is often a way to discriminate against people for their sexual orientation. Verbal abuse has a big impactRead MoreIs It A Victim Of Persecution?1554 Words   |  7 Pagesby himself and alone because of the intolerance his country had for gay people. Intolerance impacts multiple sectors of society with far-reaching effects on the gay community. Due to the amount of intolerance in society these days, the gay community is facing persecution. Verbal abuse, physical violence and hate crimes are some effects of persecution against gay people. The verbal abuse is often a way to discriminate against people for their sexual orientation. Verbal abuse has a big impactRead MoreEssay about Hate Crime Victimization1642 Words   |  7 Pagesof murders, assaults, and acts of vandalism and desecration were fueled by bigotry† (Karmen, 2013, p. 350). Hate crime victimization is a very prevalent and serious issue that exists amongst our society today that is often used to demonstrate a form of hate towards a particular group of people; primarily minority groups. â€Å"Although each state employs a different definition of hate crime, most statutes include groups singled out on the basis of race (such as African Americans or Asian Americans)Read MoreEssay on The Laramie Project1293 Words   |  6 Pages Hate Crimes After reading â€Å"The Laramie Project† your left with so many questions, ideas and emotions. The play is a series of interviews (reenacted exactly as they happened) to give the audience facts and true statements so that they can form there own opinion. The play takes place in Laramie Wyoming, after the â€Å"hate crime† that left 21 year old Matthew Shepard fighting for his life that ended soon after all because the fact that he was gay. Hate is a feeling and hate crime is actingRead MoreDomestic Terrorism Is America s Greatest Threat : Mass Shootings And Hate Crimes1389 Words   |  6 PagesTerrorism is America s Greatest Threat: Mass Shootings and Hate Crimes I. Introduction The United States has been in a national state of emergency fighting a war on terrorism since September 11, 2001. The intelligence communities have pursued and tracked down terrorist suspects who pose a direct threat to this country, yet one of the greatest threat to this country is the astronomical number of mass shootings and hate crimes that have occurred in this country post 9/11. The United States

Benefits and Concerns of Surveillance Free Essays

Many of us go about our day with little thought we are being watched. We take our privacy for granted. In some instances where we go or what we do is recorded by CCTV cameras. We will write a custom essay sample on Benefits and Concerns of Surveillance or any similar topic only for you Order Now These little cameras housed in a black round domes seem to be everywhere hanging over our heads. Are they invading our privacy? Are they there to protect us? There is always a debate discussing the benefits and concerns of surveillance. What is surveillance? Surveillance is a French word meaning â€Å"watching over†. It is also the monitoring of activities and behaviours of people usually individuals or groups from a distance. It is used by government agencies and law enforcement to maintain social control and prevent criminal activity. Surveillance come in other forms than a CCTV camera. There is computer surveillance, Telephone surveillance, Biometric surveillance, aerial surveillance and more. With the increasing speed of computers and the internet it is not only the government and private corporations watching us it is also ourselves. Our culture has changed dramatically over the past two decades. It used to be personal hand held video cameras that recorded those family milestones such as a baby’s first step or a birthday. Now the personal video camera has now turned into the instrument to catch the unexpected, but not in our personal life but the public. So not only has surveillance invaded our privacy we have also made it a part of lives to use surveillance on others. There are many benefits and concerns to surveillance. The debate is what are the true benefits and concerns of surveillance in our society? Audio Biometric Surveillance  Audio surveillance has been a major component in surveillance monitoring since wiretapping began on telegraph lines. Audio surveillance became more difficult with the introduction of the telephone, as the rate of information increased dramatically. Audio surveillance has become easier with the advancements in recording ability and computing power. Traditionally telephone calls had to be listened to live and transcribed to paper. Today human agents are not required to monitor calls. The first Speech-to-text machines was introduced in 1952, but was restricted to recognizing spoken numbers. Almost sixty years later software now creates readable text from intercepted audio and is then processed by automated call-analysis programs (Charles Piller, 2002). Audio surveillance provides raw information for investigations and has been successful for many law enforcement agencies. In the united states agencies have million dollar contracts that require phone companies to keep all call records easily searchable and accessible (Singel, 2007). The private sector benefits in audio surveillance by using software programs in cal centers that isolate phrases used frequently. These trends can be used by analysts to identify potential problems so actions can be taken. These early identifiers can help reduce call volumes, improve the bottom line, and greatly increase customer satisfaction (Wint). Software based audio surveillance provides a certain amount of privacy. The entirety of an audio recording might be available to listen to, but the huge amount of audio information being produced today means that software has to be used to search for key words. This helps introduce a level of privacy for the public and also gives the general public a higher level of safety. Law enforcement agencies and direct their man power to calls with repeated illegal activity instead of jeopardizing the privacy of the public. With increased power comes increased responsibility. The software searching through audio is controlled by humans, this introduces concern on privacy. Operators could use these systems for their own benefit instead of the greater good of a company or nation. Biometrics is the study of measurable biological characteristics (Random House Dictionary). Biometrics is concerned with the analysis of biological data obtained from video, audio nd even physical data. Face, fingerprint, retina, signature, veins, and voice recognition are all examples of biometric identification schemes (Random House Dictionary). Biometrics really helps to enhance current surveillance technologies. It allows for the automated identification of individuals. Automated identification is the major benefit and also the biggest concern. Currently biometrics is used to track and quickly identify targets and it’s argued that they are completely useless without a well constructed threat mode to track. (Biometrics: Who’s Watching You? 2003) The biggest current threat with using biometrics is the assault on individuals to gain secured access with a biometric device (Biometrics: Who’s Watching You? , 2003). For example, in 2005, Malaysian car thieves cut off the finger of a Mercedes-Benz S-Class owner when attempting to steal the car. (Kent, 2005). Video Electronic Surveillance After taking root in the late 19th century video surveillance started as an all analog video surveillance system, also known as closed-circuit television monitoring. The transmission distance was not too far and mainly used for small scale monitoring. Today’s digital equipment has given birth to intelligent analysis technology that is able to provide more substantial results, such as motion detection, face recognition and target tracking with the capability to transmit over great distances in virtually any setting. Likewise the advancement in computer technology has opened opportunity for other means of electronic surveillance. One example is data tracking, sometimes referred to as data logging, which is the ability to capture information such as places of preferred visit, individual purchases, telephone activity, choice of TV programming and internet websites of interest to name a few. Chuck Huff writes â€Å"with technology comes knowledge and with that comes responsibility†. So is today’s surveillance responsible or are we inadvertently stepping the boundaries of acceptable supervision? Yes one could argue the whole point of surveillance is to keep us safer from those in society who could potentially hurt us. Might it be a true statement to consider the fewer cameras there are, the higher chance of crime happening. Unfortunately surveillance cameras are not able to prevent the crimes or stop the criminals. Yes, cameras can make us aware but unfortunately don’t protect us. Consider the privacy impact on both cameras and data logging. The laws that most affect the legality of using these types of surveillance are personal privacy laws that limit the collection, use and disclosure of individuals’ personal information, this law is PIPEDA (personal information protection and electronic documents act). Cameras in public areas like parks tend to make the laws outlined in PIPEDA seem opaque and unclear. If cameras are put in public areas doesn’t that now make it a private area because the whole idea of being watched is added in? This is of course if we accept public areas defined as that which is open to all persons. So if we put more surveillance in a grocery store, does it become a private venue? No, it does not. In the same way, employers using cameras, blackberry surveillance software, listening to live calls, GPS tracking, secretly reading text messages and viewing call logs in the workplace doesn’t mean that it’s an invasion of privacy or illegal; it just means that the use of surveillance in the workplace is subject to restrictions. In the end, just because people don’t like being watched doesn’t mean we sacrifice our inherent rights as a society to have safety, security and stability. Society must also consider the impact of surveillance on individual perception. There is the potential that added surveillance in a neighborhood will cause communities to lose money and possibly raise taxes, which makes the community less popular. Yet cameras and data logging violate the country’s Privacy Act, because it records the actions of thousands of people in public areas / spaces without there being any reasonable grounds that a criminal act is occurring. Society can’t help but ask, when does surveillance inadvertently switch from supervision to â€Å"snoopervision†? Ultimately the use of technology has outpaced Canada’s privacy laws, especially in a post September 11th, 2001 world where security concerns threaten individual rights. Conclusion Surveillance technology compositions such as audio, video too much more complex system such as data tracking and biometrics offer great importance to national security, public safety and overall protection of people from harm. These surveillance systems also neglect individual freedom and right to privacy. Surveillance technology protects society against child molesters, terrorist attacks and destruction. But at the same time these technology is used to neglects individual rights by tracking everyone’s actions which intern harms society because they do not protect people’s privacy. There are benefits and concerns of using surveillance system because different situation compels us to take measures that can protect or neglect society as a whole. How to cite Benefits and Concerns of Surveillance, Essay examples

Journal of Sport Policy and Politics †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Journal of Sport Policy and Politics. Answer: Introduction: This essay will deal with the moral panic that is caused due to the addiction towards porn mainly towards the children. It can be seen that the development of the brain mostly in the children have an impact due to the viewing of the pornographic sites. It can be seen that the countries like United States and United Kingdom suffer mostly from this factor and is rapidly on the increasing side as well due to the easy availability of the technology in the hands of the young teenagers. According to Krinsky (2016), the theory of moral panic is the panic that is caused by the media, which can be a potential threat to the morals and values in the society. The term was first coined by Stanley Cohen in the year 1972 where he described that it is a condition where the individual or an individual group may feel threatened towards the interests and values that are being showed in the society. According to Critcher (2014), the media plays an important role in reporting the news that is related to moral panic, which causes a stir in the society management. The stages that Cohen identified in moral panic are that the threat can be recognized easily by the media, which may pose a problem in the values and interests of the people living in the society. It helps in building up of concerns among the public in a rapid manner, which results in bringing changes within the society. Wilson (2014) is of the view that the addiction in viewing sexual images or videos is specifically used to describe porn addiction. The problems that are related to sexual along with internet behaviors on a broader basis are known as sexual compulsivity. The individuals can be further studied based on the hypersexual disorder that they may have due to porn addiction. According to Prause et al. (2015), the researchers were of the opinion of rejecting the models that are related to addiction, as it takes in to account the sexual behaviors of the individuals as well. The revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Model (DSM) similarly does not include the addiction that the individuals have towards sex. According to Edwards (2016), the moral panic has caused quite some movement over the issues that are prevailing with the porn that is present on the internet in the United States of America. The concept of cyber porn, which as claimed by the media contained lot of objectionable images and photographs along with videos when the computer was being used for gathering academic resources and materials as well. Most of the images that were shown on the machines mostly contained pornographic images on the Times articles, which were also viewed by children. Quayle (2015) was of the vision that it is seen by the end of 1995, there was only a 1 percent of people in the media who reported against sex, whereas in the recent times it is being seen that the percentage has got very high. The magazines were being scanned freely and were being uploaded in the internet as part of the pornographic images. This showed that the medium for communication along with the message that was being shown in a dif ferent manner was under an attack due to the effect that the internet was creating with the images. Klein (2015) opined that the internet became popular in United Kingdom as well where it was shown that around 11 percent of the people had access to the internet connection within the year 1996 and it increased to 26 percent in 1999. According to Wilson (2014), the survey that was conducted in 1999 had shown that 81 percent of the parents felt unsecured for their children, as they were prone to viewing explicit materials over the internet. They were of the view that the usage of internet needs to be regulated, which will help by not creating an impact on the minds of the children. According to Bowman (2015), it is seen that according to a study that was conducted by NSPCC, it was found that most of the children between the age group of 12-13 were of the fear that they were addicted towards pornography. It was seen that it was considered as a dangerous thing by the group the young people were not interested in sports, media or culture. The research also found that the availability of porn was increasing in the current years, which has led to the reduction in violence that is related sexually. According to Smith and Attwood (2013), the researcher had conducted face to face interviews with the children as well so that their ideas can be recorded in a better way and ensured that it helped in ensuring privacy of the minds of the children. This has resulted in many calls being made to the company by the teenagers who were anxious about porn and the x-rated images that were available on the internet. The authors Sullivan and McKee (2015) stated that the researchers have also found that the children who were addicted to the pornographic sites on the internet have faced significant changes during their developmental phases in the brain. The adult males also have an impact on their minds, as they become fascinated and start craving for the fantasies that are shown in these pornographic sites. They find it difficult in leading the relationships in a happy manner and face issues that are romantically linked due to their increasing curiousness about the things happening over the internet management. It leads the people in acquiring new tastes that are linked sexually. According to Finnerty (2017), the reward centre that is present in the brain help in identifying the changes that are taking place in the brain, which connects the neurons that help in achieving the goals that are set by the mind. The fluid that is secreted by the brain is known as dopamine, which provides a thrill to the people so that the goals can be accomplished. This secretion leads to excitement among the individuals with respect to sexual desires, which changes the tastes and preferences of the individuals. According to Carrabine (2017), the individuals will try to see the opposite sex in a different manner, which will create an excitement among them. They will try to view them according to the fantasies that are being shown in the pornographic images, which may lead to the outburst of the sexual emotions. This may lead in trying out to force the opposite sex in getting physical, which may increase the consequences of fulfilling the fantasies. This may lead to severe consequences with respect to opposite sex, as it may lead to the sexual abuse of the particular individual. The effect of dopamine would be that the individual would be ready to have sex without a period of courtship, which is also visible in the porn scenes as well. According to Iwen (2015), the behavior of the individuals get changed, as they tend to be aggressive and sadomasochist in their behavior. The excitement that they develop with respect to sex is never satisfied, as they remain mostly excited for the entire period. The individuals are more likely to have a predisposed vision based on their psychology that insulting the men or the women would result in gaining ultimate pleasures. Freud was also of the vision that most of the individuals that are addicted towards pornographic sites especially the men show misogynic characteristics where they often tend to insult the women by exploiting their sexual parts, which helps them in deriving immense pleasures. The author Bowman (2015) stated that the opposite of it also happen, which is known as femdom where the women try to exploit the men in a sexual manner. Most of the pornographic sites are of the vision that it helps in exploring the Oedipus complex side of the individual. These features help in indicating the distinguishing feature on the adult sites, which helps the individuals in gaining power over the forms of aggression and sexuality. The viewing of porn triggers a sense of neo-sexuality between the fantasies that are being shown over the internet with respect to the viewers. Finnerty (2017) stated that the brains of the teenagers are more plastic in nature and can be molded easily, as they have access to the pornographic sites that are available online on a regular basis, which helps in altering the tastes that they have developed sexually. The romanticism and the tastes that are developed sexually have dissociated over a period, which has resulted in the viewing of the pornographic sites. The viewing of pornography over the internet has led to the teens in exploring and relieving their tensions that they face sexually without being involved in a sexual relationship. Prause et al. (2015) stated that the art of moral panic over the pornographic addiction can be found mostly in the US where according to a study, it is seen that the actors in the pornography industry live along side normal citizens in the society. This creates a lot of tension between the people who are living in the society and the particular individual that is living with them. The people tend to see the person, as a nuisance in the society and try to avoid that person. This results in alienation and the increase in the distance between the ordinary citizens and that particular individual. The children who are addicted to these sites on the internet are of the view that the person can fulfill his or her desires and fantasies and gives immense respect to that person. Edwards (2016) was of the view that the increase use of these sites by the children and the adults helps in developing a feeling among them that they can do whatever they want with the opposite sex. The viewing of pornography thus, leads to negative impacts on the minds of the individuals, which may hamper their relationship with their parents and with the opposite sexes. They start to think the opposite sexes as commodities and objects and are willing to try whatever they want with them. This often leads to abuses related to sexuality and domestically as well. References Bowman, N.D., 2015. The rise (and refinement) of moral panic.The Video Game Debate: Unravelling the Physical, Social, and Psychological Effects of Video Games, p.22. Carrabine, E., 2017. Crime and media.Alternative Criminologies. Critcher, C., 2014. New perspectives on anti-doping policy: From moral panic to moral regulation.International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics,6(2), pp.153-169. Edwards, M., 2016.Moral panic and porn in South Africa: a critical discourse analysis of top TV's application to broadcast adult-content channels(Doctoral dissertation). Finnerty, P., 2017. His porn, her pain: confronting Americas porn panic with honest talk about sex. Iwen, M.E., 2015. Shame, sexual addiction, and consumption in American culture.Sexuality Culture,19(3), pp.413-425. Klein, M., 2015. Pornography, the narrative of public health.The International Encyclopedia of Human Sexuality. Krinsky, C. ed., 2016.The Ashgate research companion to moral panics. Routledge. Prause, N., Steele, V.R., Staley, C., Sabatinelli, D. and Hajcak, G., 2015. Modulation of late positive potentials by sexual images in problem users and controls inconsistent with porn addiction.Biological psychology,109, pp.192-199. Quayle, E., 2015. Internet risk research and child sexual abuse: a misdirected moral panic?.Childhood and Youth, p.41. Smith, C. and Attwood, F., 2013. Emotional truths and thrilling slide shows: The resurgence of antiporn Feminism.The Feminist Porn Book, pp.41-57. Sullivan, R. and McKee, A., 2015.Pornography: Structures, agency and performance. John Wiley Sons. Wilson, G., 2014.Your brain on porn: Internet pornography and the emerging science of addiction. Richmond, VA: Commonwealth Publishing.